CAER中国农村改革40周年专题之《中国农地制度变革 40 年： 制度目标、政策努力及未来方向》

本期导读：

 本文基于简要历史回顾，阐明了中国农地制度变革的制度目标与制度底线，分析了农地制度安排内含的“中国情景”与历史遗产，评估了近 40年来的政策努力与效果，勾画了未来变革的重点及可能方向。 本文通过构建“制度目标——制度遗产——政策努力——现实难境——未来方向”的分析线索，对中国农地制度变革进行了回顾与展望。

农地制度是最具中国特色的重要议题。“稳定地权”与“促进流转”，是中国40年以来农地制度变革的主线。研究表明，促进农地流转并未有效改善农业的规模经济性，以确权方式稳定地权则可能抑制农地流转市场的发育。原因是由于农地流转有其特殊的市场逻辑。本文认为，化解农地流转中人格化财产及其禀赋效应的交易约束，有赖于农地经营权的盘活。以经营权的产权细分进而将农户卷入分工经济，能够为世界范围内传统农业的改造提供借鉴意义。

40-year reform of farmland institution in China: target, effort and the future

Biliang Luo (pp. 16 - 35)

Keywords:China, Farmland institution, Farmland transfer, Future reform direction,Historical heritage

Type:General review

Purpose

Based on the brief historical review, the purpose of this paper is to expound the target and bottom line for the farmland institutional reform of in China,analyze the “Chinese scenes” and historical heritage of farmland institutional arrangement, evaluate the policies and their effects over the last four decades and outline the keynotes and possible direction of the future reform.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper builds the analytical clue of “institutional target – institutional heritage – policy effort – realistic dilemma – future direction” and review and forecast the Chinese farmland institutional reform.

Findings

The farmland institution is an important issue with Chinese characteristics. Over the last four decades, the farmland institutional reform in China has focusedon “stabilizing the land property rights” and “promote the farmland transfer.”As the study indicates, the promotion of farmland transfer has not effectively improved the scale economy of agriculture and stabilizing land property rights by titling may restrain the development of farmland transfer market because farmland transfer is of special market logic.

Originality/value

It depends on the revitalization of farmland management rights to resolve the transaction constraint of personal property and its endowment effect in farm land transfer. And, classifying the land management property to involve farmers into the economy of division can be reference for the reform of traditional agriculture worldwide.